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How to Build Live Linear OTT Channels in the Cloud

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In this article we’ll look at serverless linear playout—that is, how to build linear channels in the cloud. 当我想到与提供线性直播电视相关的成本时, I’m reminded of an episode of the Adult Swim show Rick & Morty, 瑞克创建了一个机顶盒,它不仅可以从这个宇宙中的每一个有线电视提供商那里访问电视频道, but every single cable provider in the entire multiverse. This means literally billions upon billions of TV channels. We’re not quite at that level, 但我们目前的直播线性景观中充斥着越来越多的渠道, many of which are narrowly thematic, pre-shot, 预先录制好的节目被安排在日程上,然后越来越多地通过互联网向消费者播放.

Figure 1 (below) 是由美国哥伦比亚广播公司旗下的澳大利亚第10频道所做的一些研究. Essentially, 他们将用户分成四类, Cord Shavers, Cord Cutters, and Cord Nevers. “有线一代”通常是年龄稍大一些的人,他们继续通过机顶盒和有线电视提供商观看线性电视. Cord Shavers有有线电视,只能通过机顶盒观看SVOD和BVOD服务. “掐线族”(Cord Cutters)是我们大多数人都非常熟悉的一个术语,指的是那些减少有线机顶盒使用、几乎只使用OTT服务的观众. Finally, we have Cord Nevers, 那些伴随着Twitch和YouTube长大的孩子,他们根本不了解传统意义上的电视是什么.

Cord forevers cord cutters cord nevers

Figure 1. The 4 primary demographics of TV/set-top content consumers

The key takeaway is that whatever segment you’re in, 在所有细分市场中,线性电视仍然是排名前两位的体验, 这表明,无论是现在还是未来,观众在看电视时仍然对线性体验有很大的兴趣. Another indicator is the Apple TV app or Android TV app shown in Figure 2 (below) that mimics an Electronic Program Guide (EPG), 我发现这是一种很有趣的新型非线性设备和传统线性方式在消费直播内容方面的冲突.

TV guide app

Figure 2. A TV Guide app for Android or iOS

Of course, there’s no reason a viewer couldn’t go watch Home and Away, 在这个画面被捕捉到的时候,哪个节目刚刚播完. 但根据我采访过的所有商业广播公司的说法,最终的结果是,观众花更多的时间观看预定节目的线性直播, than they do with content that’s already aired. 不要介意在播出后观看内容是一种更好的体验,或者他们可以观看高质量的内容, whenever. Even for many cord-cutters, 看电视的主要体验就是坐下来看电视节目.

Components of Cloud Playout

假设我们想在云端做这样的事情. Let’s say we wanted to go from one linear TV channel to hundreds.

Figure 3 (below) 说明复杂性是如何固有的播放和头端广播基础设施. 它是如此复杂,以至于几乎很难相信它真的有效. But building this sort of infrastructure is very common, especially for broadcasters who do channel origination globally, 甚至只是横跨欧洲大陆(如图3所示), 它由许多不同的国家和卫星DTH提供商组成.

Cross-continental live linear playout

Figure 3. The dizzying mess of live linear playout across a continent 

If you want to make a TV channel in the cloud, 最简单的方法是将目前存在于许多场所的架构转移到云中. This approach offers cost savings, agility, 以及在新地区快速扩张的能力,以及在需要时缩小或扩大产能的能力.

Figure 4 (below) overlays the AWS services that go into the mix. 这些看起来像电脑芯片的图标本质上是你通过AWS合作伙伴商店获得的合作伙伴服务,或者是你自己带来的东西. So it isn’t a complete end-to-end solution that you can go to AWS and just buy out of the box; you have put together a few different services and make that into a complete architecture from beginning to end.

TV channel in the cloud 

Figure 4. Components of a TV channel in the cloud 

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